Download |

A nova publicação Eurydice apresenta a composição e as diferenças nos vencimentos dos professores e diretores de escolas entre os países participantes no Programa Erasmus+.

Os professores europeus são bem pagos? Quais são as suas perspetivas de aumento salarial à medida que progridem na carreira? Os professores ganharam ou perderam poder de compra nos últimos anos? A nossa atualização anual dos “Salários e subsídios dos professores e dirigentes escolares na Europa” acabou de ser publicada e responde a estas questões.

A remuneração dos professores e as suas perspetivas de carreira constituem uma parte intrínseca das políticas destinadas a atrair os diplomados melhor qualificados e a reter na profissão os melhores professores. Para além da composição e diferenças nos vencimentos dos professores e diretores de escolas entre os países participantes no Programa Erasmus+, este estudo inclui uma análise comparativa e fichas informativas nacionais com informação detalhada sobre salários, subsídios e outros pagamentos suplementares auferidos pelos docentes e diretores escolares. Atualmente, os professores atuam também enquanto facilitadores da aprendizagem, trabalham em equipas, ensinam crianças de diferentes origens, e os diretores escolares têm de liderar o pessoal docente e não docente e apoiar o seu desenvolvimento profissional. Por todas estas razões, é fundamental que as escolas empreguem as pessoas mais bem qualificadas e mais talentosas e que consigam retê-las na profissão.

Referência: Direção-Geral de Estatísticas da Educação e Ciência. (2021). Retrieved 26 October 2021, from https://www.dgeec.mec.pt/np4/1293.html

MAIN FINDINGS

• There are significant differences between European countries in the statutory salaries for teachers entering the profession. Gross statutory starting salaries range from around EUR 5 000 to more than EUR 80 000 per year, depending on the country.

• In 11 countries, all beginning teachers have the same statutory salary regardless of the education level at which they teach. In the rest, there are salary differences between education levels, generally linked to differences in minimum qualification requirements.

• The potential for salaries to increase over the career span varies considerably. Depending on the country, starting salaries can increase during a teacher’s career by anything from 12 % (in Turkey) to 116 % (in Portugal). The average number of years necessary to reach the top of the salary range goes from 12 years in Denmark to 42 years in Hungary. In Ireland, the Netherlands and Poland, teachers’ statutory starting salaries can increase by more than 60 % in the first 15 years in service, and even more in the following years.

• Between school years 2018/19 and 2019/20, teachers saw their salaries increase in the majority of education systems, but salary increases were generally modest or index-linked to inflation.

• In a quarter of education systems starting salaries of teachers (adjusted for inflation) remained the same or lower between 2014/15 and 2019/20. In contrast, the highest increases over the last five years can be found in several Central and Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Romania), and Iceland and Serbia.

• The actual salary level is strongly correlated to the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of a country, i.e. the higher the GDP per capita, the higher the average annual salary. Average actual salaries are below the GDP per capita at all or most educational levels in nearly a quarter of European education systems, including in Czechia, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia (except at upper secondary level), Hungary, Slovakia, Sweden, Iceland (except at upper secondary level) and Norway. On average, pre-primary teachers tend to earn less, and upper secondary teachers generally earn more.

• School heads are often paid on a different salary scale from teachers, and their salaries tend to increase with the size of the school. In most education systems, there are significant salary differences among school heads, depending on the size or other characteristics of the school and on other factors, such as the head’s experience and responsibilities.

• School heads’ minimum statutory salary is lower than the salary of teachers with 15 years’ experience in the French Community of Belgium and in Czechia. This is also the case at some education levels or for heads of small schools in a few other countries.

European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice, 2021. Teachers’ and School Heads’ Salaries and Allowances in Europe – 2019/20. Eurydice Facts and Figures. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.