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Executive summary

As noted by the Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers in 2019, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly having an impact on education, bringing opportunities as well as numerous threats. It was these observations that led to the commissioning of this report, which sets out to examine the connections between AI and education.

In fact, AI in education (AIED) has already been the subject of numerous international reports (see Appendix III) – so what differentiates this one? There are three unique characteristics. First, in this report, we explore both the application and the teaching of AI in education, which we refer to collectively as “AI and education” (AI&ED). Second, we approach AI&ED through the lens of the Council of Europe’s core values: human rights, democracy and the rule of law. And third, rather than assuming the benefits of AI for education, we take a deliberately critical approach to AI&ED, considering both the opportunities and the challenges. Throughout, the aim is to provide a holistic view to help ensure that AI empowers and not overpowers educators and learners, and that future developments and practices are genuinely for the common good.

The report begins with an introduction to AI (what it is and how it works) and to the connections between AI and education: “learning with AI” (learner-supporting, teacher-supporting and system-supporting AI), using AI to “learn about learning” (sometimes known as learning analytics) and “learning about AI” (repositioned as the human and technological dimensions of AI literacy). In Part II, we examine some key challenges for AI&ED. These include the choice of pedagogy adopted by typical AIED applications, the impact of AIED applications on the developing brain and learner agency, the use of emotion detection and other techniques that might constitute surveillance, digital safeguarding, the ethics of AI&ED, the political and economic drivers of the uptake of AI in educational contexts and AIED colonialism.

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Referência: Inteligência Artificial e Educação Conselho da Europa- Divulgação de Relatório | ERTE. (2022). Retrieved 20 October 2022, from https://www.erte.dge.mec.pt/noticias/inteligencia-artificial-e-educacao-conselho-da-europa-divulgacao-de-relatorio